Contrary to popular belief, the true causes of back pain include...

 Contrary to popular belief, the true causes of back pain include...

The actual reasons of back discomfort are discussed in this paper.
Basic Vertebral Column Anatomy

Functions
A complicated network of bones, ligaments, muscles, nerves, and intervertebral discs, the vertebral column, or spine, is made to perform a variety of seemingly contradictory tasks. It must provide the body with support (to keep us standing) and a wide range of motion in multiple directions. In addition to serving as a shock absorber to lessen the forces that are transferred to the brain during activities like walking, running, jumping, etc., the spine also protects the fragile spinal cord, which supplies nerves to every part of our body.
Vertebrae The vertebrae, which make up the spine, are arranged in a three-normal curve, with the neck (cervical) and lower back (lumbar) parts having modest inward curves and the chest (thoracic) area having an outward curve. The vertebrae are stacked one on top of the other, separated by discs. Shock absorption is mostly caused by these curves and discs. A set of three joints connects each vertebra to the next.
Ligaments
These bones and discs are joined by many ligaments. Some are short and just cover one or two vertebrae, while others are longer and cover multiple vertebrae to reach the entire length of the spine. They encircle the joints of the spine. The spine's support function, which keeps the vertebrae from moving "out of place," is partially due to these ligaments.
The muscles
To give movement or stability, muscles encircle and adhere to the vertebrae. Muscles often carry out one of these two tasks. Some muscles that cause joint movement are usually long and thin, have a quick reaction time, and produce high tension for brief periods of time. Other muscles, which are often bigger and shorter and offer low stress for prolonged periods of time, are made expressly to give stability across joints. These are our postural muscles, which continuously generate little movements and "fine-tune" the position of the joints.
Consistency
Painless mobility depends on the stability of every spinal component, including the vertebrae and their joints. The spine and the structures around it are strained whenever any component of the spine moves. Any movement of other body parts affects the spine as well, putting stress on its structural elements.
Everything Is Interconnected
The pelvis connects the legs to the spine, and when the legs move, the pelvis moves, which in turn moves the spine (indeed, the adage "the knee bone is connected to the thighbone" is accurate; all of the bones in the body are eventually connected … to the spine!) Likewise, the scapula (shoulder blade) and clavicle (collarbone) connect the arms to the body. As a result, arm movement eventually strains the spine. Because every movement you make puts stress on your spine, it is crucial that your spine remain stable. If it is not, the spinal joints will be subjected to additional movement, which will increase the strain on the joints and surrounding structures.
We're now approaching the truly fascinating sections.
Three Components for Spinal Stability
Three layers, or sub-systems, supply the spine with the stability or support it needs.
1. Inactive.
Stability is provided by the passive subsystem through the ligaments, joints, and bones. About two to three kilogrammes of pressure can be controlled according to the spine's passive system design. Given that the average person's head weighs 5 kg, it is clear how crucial the second and third subsystems are for simply staying upright.
2. In motion.
The stability and support provided by the local postural muscles, which are specifically built for this role, is referred to as the active sub-system.
3. The control of neurones.
In response to feedback from structures around the spine, the brain uses the neural control subsystem to regulate the muscles of the active subsystem. This makes it possible to offer steadiness when it's required.
When necessary, these three subsystems cooperate to give the spine the best stability possible. Any disruption to any subsystem will result in less stability, which will put more strain on the spine.
However, we have found that nearly all of the current treatments lack the third component, which is neural control. The majority of therapies focus on ligament function restoration, muscular strengthening, vertebral realignment, etc.
Seldom do they try to check sure the neural pathways to the affected muscles are working. Furthermore, the majority of practitioners have no idea how to restore the function of these neural pathways, even if they were aware of this crucial element.
Posture Proper posture is essential to the proper and optimal operation of various subsystems. In each position, including sitting, standing, and lying down, the ideal posture should preserve the spine's three natural curves. The entire spinal system will be under stress if these curves are reduced or increased. (This is likely the reason why sleeping on your back for an extended period of time produces stiffness; the natural curves have been twisted and flattened, and when we eventually get up, we want to stretch and move in strange ways to release the stiffness.)
Long-term poor posture causes the ligaments around the joints to become overstretched or slack, forcing the joints into bad positions and putting the surrounding muscles (whether postural or movement muscles) in a position that is not ideal for producing force, which makes them more prone to fatigue. Additionally, the brain control mechanism won't function as well. All of this causes the spine to experience more stress and strain.
A very pleasant byproduct of the exercises in the Better Back Technique is that your posture will naturally get better without you even realising it.
Let's get to the question for today: Why Do People Get Back Pain?
An external force or load that exceeds the structural capacity of the spine is the primary cause of back strains or injuries. The majority of injuries happen during an abrupt, uncomfortable, or unprotected movement. Any injury to or improper operation of the bone, joints, ligaments, muscles, or any alteration in the alignment of the entire spinal column might initially result in back discomfort. On the other hand, dysfunction (poor performance) of one or more of the three previously mentioned components is more likely to be the cause of back pain after injuries have subsided. Bones, joints, and ligaments are passive; muscles and posture are active; and nerve pathways go to the muscles, which are under neural control.
All three components are directly addressed by a set of exercises, which will be covered in a future post.

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